Topics Discussed: acetaminophen; american society of anesthesiologists physical status classification; analgesics, non-narcotic; anesthesia and analgesia; anesthesia, topical; anesthetic agent monitoring; anesthetics; bupivacaine; chloral hydrate; codeine; cries pain scale; dexmedetomidine; diazepam; emla; etomidate; faces pain rating scale; fentanyl; flacc scale; hydrocodone; hydromorphone; ibuprofen; indomethacin; ketamine; ketorolac; lidocaine; lorazepam; mallampati score; methadone; midazolam; morphine; naproxen; opioid analgesics; oxycodone; pain; pain management; pain measurement; pain scale; patient-controlled analgesia; pentobarbital; propofol; sedation procedure.
Excerpt:"As defined by International Association for the Study of Pain: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage"(Ped Clin N Am 2006;53:279)
- Formulations containing epinephrine should NOT be used in terminal capillary circulations (eg, pinna, digits, nose, penis, and other areas of end-capillary circulation).
- Opioid analgesics: For moderate to severe pain if pain scales above 6; bind m-receptors in the CNS.
- Opiates may cause severe respiratory depression, hypotension, CNS depression, bladder retention, ileus, pruritus, nausea and vomiting.
- Opiate antagonist Naloxone: For intoxication, use 0.1 mg/kg up to 2 mg IV/IM; for respiratory depression, use 0.01 mg/kg, which may be repeated every 2 to 3 minutes up to 0.05 mg/kg if needed.
- Sedation occurs along a spectrum, and patients can move through all degrees of sedation (anxiolysis
moderate sedation deep sedation general anesthesia) easily without affecting their vital signs. - The depth of sedation should be monitored regularly with verbal and tactile stimuli because a patient's ability to protect the airway becomes increasingly more impaired with increasing levels of..."
The content above is only an
excerpt. For full access, log into an existing user account below, purchase an annual subscription, or
purchase a short-term subscription to the complete website.
offers pediatrics students,
educators, and practioners access to leading McGraw-Hill texts, interactive imaging
content, exclusive multimedia, and flexible curricular tools.
Timed access to all of AccessPediatrics
24 hours for $34.95
48 hours for $54.95
Or