Topics Discussed: diabetes mellitus; diabetes mellitus, type 1; diabetes mellitus, type 2; drug-induced diabetes mellitus; endocrine disease; endocrinology; maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young; mitochondrial dna mutation; pediatric endocrinology.
Sections: Type 1 Diabetes, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Chronic Management of Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, References.
Excerpt:"Until the 1970s, the care of childhood diabetes was pursued by
internists, pediatricians, nephrologists, and general physicians.
In 1971 it was estimated that visits for diabetes by those 0 to 15
years of age were equally divided among internists, general physicians,
and general pediatricians.1 At that
time there were few pediatric endocrinologists, and most of them
did not consider diabetes to be an endocrine disorder. By 1993,
pediatricians accounted for two thirds of all visits of 0- to 21-year-old diabetes
patients, and over half of these were to pediatric endocrinologists;
the remainder were to internists (most likely the older adolescents
and young adults).2 The contemporary epidemic of
obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth has confronted pediatricians
and pediatric diabetes specialists with responsibility for a condition
that was previously rare in the pediatric age group. This obesity/T2D
epidemic has had pediatricians dealing with various comorbidities
of insulin resistance that were formerly the exclusive domain of
physicians treating adults.3 Contemporary understanding of the pathogenesis of various forms
of diabetes has made previous classification based on treatment
inappropriate (non–insulin-dependent diabetes or NIDDM,
insulin-dependent diabetes or IDDM for the principal forms).5 Table 544-2 is adapted from the classification
published by the American Diabetes Association expert committee
first in 1997, then revised based on..."
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