Topics Discussed: adverse effects caused by therapeutic use of aminoglycosides; aspirin toxicity; barotrauma; bone anchored hearing aid; cholesteatoma; chondritis; cisplatin; cochlear implantation; cochlear implants; congenital deafness; cytomegalovirus; cytomegalovirus infection; dizziness; ear; ear diseases; ear neoplasms; ear, external; ear, middle; ear, nose, and throat; exostoses; frostbite; furosemide; hearing aids; hearing impairment; hearing loss, conductive; hearing loss, inherited; injury of ear; inner ear; isotretinoin; labyrinthine fistula; labyrinthitis; labyrinthitis, bacterial; middle ear mass; osteochondroma; osteoma; otitis externa; otitis media; ototoxicity; perichondritis; salicylate toxicity; sensorineural hearing loss; torch syndrome; tympanic membrane perforation; vertigo.
Sections: References.
Excerpt:"Approximately 1 in 1500 children has a severe to profound hearing
loss at birth or in early childhood. This relatively high incidence,
the high likelihood of significant negative developmental impact
in children with hearing loss, and the significant technological
capabilities to habilitate children with hearing loss have lead
to most developed countries instituting universal newborn hearing
screening protocols. These protocols are designed to identify all
children with hearing loss at an early age so that intervention
can be provided during the critical early periods of speech and
language development.5,6The most common causes
of acquired hearing loss in children is a conductive hearing loss
that results from abnormalities of the middle ear (especially otitis
media and ossicular abnormalities), whereas congenital hearing loss
is often a result of sensorineural deficits. The most likely congenital etiology is the embryologic retention
of an epithelial cell rest in the middle ear space. Acquired cholesteatomas
may occur as the result of perforation or severe tympanic membrane
retraction. Rarely, they can occur at the site of a tympanostomy
tube insertion. Chronic negative middle ear pressure may cause a
segment of weakened tympanic membrane to retract either in the attic
region or in the posterior-superior quadrant. These retractions
can cause the inhibition of the natural epithelial migration of
desquamated squamous debris. Debris may become wet and infected,
producing foul-smelling..."
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