 |  | Rudolph's Pediatrics Section 17. Infectious Diseases > Part 10. Parasitic Infections–Protozoa > Chapter 355. TrypanosomiasesEduardo Ortega-Barria | |
Topics Discussed: african trypanosomiasis; infection by trypanosoma gambiense; infectious diseases; trypanosoma; trypanosoma brucei brucei; trypanosoma brucei gambiense; trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; trypanosomal chancre; trypanosomiasis.
Sections: American Trypanosomiasis, References.
Excerpt:"African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a parasitic disease transmitted
by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina and caused
by a group of parasites called trypanosomes.1 West
African trypanosomiasis, also called Gambian sleeping sickness,
is caused by a subspecies of the extracellular flagellate Trypanosoma
brucei known as Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
East African trypanosomiasis, also called Rhodesian sleeping sickness,
is caused by T brucei rhodesiense. These diseases
exist in Africa wherever the various species of Glossina (ie,
the tsetse fly) are found.African trypanosomiasis has a focal distribution but expands
outward during epidemics. About 60 million people live in risk areas
of African trypanosomiasis, and the World Health Organization estimates
a continent-wide prevalence of both forms of African trypanosomiasis
of 300,000 cases; an average of 30,000 new cases of the disease
have been reported annually over the last 10 years, although underreporting
rates are high.1 Thirty-six sub-Saharan countries are
considered endemic for one or the other form of the disease despite
that some of them have reported no cases in the last decade.2 The
Gambian form is currently a major public health problem over vast
areas of Africa from Sudan in the north to northwest Uganda to the
Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola in the south. This form
represents more than 90% of reported cases.2 The
Rhodesian form continues..."
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