 |  | Rudolph's Pediatrics Section 17. Infectious Diseases > Part 5. Bacterial Infections > Chapter 270. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial InfectionsJeffrey R. Starke | |
Topics Discussed: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis; genus mycobacterium; infectious diseases; mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection; mycobacterium infections, atypical; skin and soft tissue atypical mycobacterial infection.
Sections: References.
Excerpt:"The nontuberculous mycobacteria
(NTM) have been collectively identified by a variety of terms, including
mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, atypical, nonpathogenic, unclassified,
and environmental or opportunistic mycobacteria. Although grouping
these organisms can be helpful, classification based on specific
etiologic agent is preferable because this has implications for
the predisposing factors, usual clinical course, diagnosis, and
appropriate medical and surgical management of the infection.More than 60 species of Mycobacterium have been
described, of which about half are pathogenic in humans. The most
commonly encountered are Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium
intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, which
are classified together as the M avium complex
(MAC).The most common site of clinically significant nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM) infection in children is the superficial lymph
nodes of the head and neck.4 The vast majority
of cases are caused by M avium complex (MAC). Lymph node
infection as a result of NTM is most common in young children because
of their tendency to put objects contaminated with soil, dust, or standing
water into their mouths. Although NTM adenitis is more common in
North America than is tuberculous adenitis, clinicians should never
presume NTM to be the cause of apparent mycobacterial cervical adenitis
until tuberculosis has been ruled out by a thorough epidemiologic
history, evaluation of..."
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