Topics Discussed: pneumonia, recurrent; pulmonology and respiratory medicine.
Sections: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, Diagnosis, Management and Treatment, Course and Prognosis, Pearls and Special Situations, References.
Excerpt:"A child presenting with recurrent respiratory infections or radiographic abnormalities poses a common diagnostic problem for general pediatricians and pulmonary specialists alike. Pneumonia can be described both in clinical and radiographic terms. The World Health Organization defines pneumonia clinically as cough or dyspnea in association with labored breathing or tachypnea, and radiographically as an opacity occupying at least part of a single lobe and up to the entire lung.1,2 The incidence of pneumonia in developed countries is approximately 3–3.6 children per 100, whereas in developing countries, it can reach as high as 40 per 100 children.3 Recurrent pneumonia has been defined as two episodes in 1 year or 3 in a lifetime, with radiographic clearing between episodes.4 The incidence of recurrent pneumonia among large populations of children is unknown...."
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