Topics Discussed: hematology; hypermagnesemia; hypomagnesemia; magnesium disorder.
Excerpt:"The disturbances of magnesium (Mg+2) and calcium (Ca+2) are closely interrelated. Calcium disorders are discussed in Chapter 78.Definition. Normal serum levels for Mg+2 are typically given as 0.5–1.0 mmol/L (1.2–2.6 mg/dL). Hypomagnesemia is usually seen as any value <0.66 mmol/L (1.6 mg/dL); however, clinical signs do not manifest until levels have dropped <0.5 mmol/L (1.2 mg/dL).
Incidence. True incidence in neonates is not well characterized, but neonates appear to be more predisposed than other groups of patients.
Pathophysiology. Mg+2 is a key trace element for maintaining skeletal integrity, and it acts as a catalyst for intracellular enzymes for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activation in skeletal and myocardial contractility. It is also integral to protein synthesis, vitamin D metabolism, parathyroid function, and calcium homeostasis.
Risk factors
- Hypocalcemia.
- Inadequate intake of Mg+2.
- Infant of diabetic mother reflecting maternal Mg+2 deficiency secondary to gestational diabetes.
- Intrauterine growth..."
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