Topics Discussed: congenital anomaly of brain; congenital anomaly of central nervous system; embryologic development; Growth and Development; spine malformation.
Sections: Definitions and Principles of Nervous System Development, Specific Developmental Processes, Vascular Development, Neural Regeneration, Repair, and Plasticity, CNS Malformations in Relation to Ontogenesis, Appendix, Disorders of Primary Neurulation, Disorders of Secondary Neurulation—Occult Dysraphic States, Disorders of Prosencephalic Development, Neuronal Proliferation and Migration Disorders, References.
Excerpt:"Embryonic development of the nervous system is a series of overlapping processes.1 To understand neural development, a traditional view of morphogenesis must be integrated with what we know about molecular genetic programming of the neural tube and fetal brain. Understanding these normal ontogenetic processes is necessary to comprehend neural malformations, which arise as disturbances in one or more of these processes. Malformations of the brain and spinal cord may be caused by genetic mutations or by environmental or acquired influences. Examples of acquired and environmental causes are teratogenic toxins and drugs, fetal ischemia and infarcts, intrauterine trauma from maternal trauma or invasive procedures, cerebral hemorrhages, and infections affecting the fetal brain...."
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