Topics Discussed: acute abdomen; acute illness.
Sections: Acute Abdominal Conditions: Introduction, The Obstructions, Intra-Abdominal Sepsis, Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies, Megacolon, References.
Excerpt:"
- Infants with an abrupt onset of bilious vomiting are likely to have a midgut volvulus complicating malrotation.
- In the first few months of life, infants with persistent, painless, and forceful vomiting should be evaluated for upper intestinal tract obstruction. Pyloric stenosis is far more common than are congenital bands, antral webs, intestinal duplication, or annular pancreas.
- Intussusception should be the provisional diagnosis for a child with severe, episodic abdominal pain associated with vomiting.
- Failure to remove the diaper of infants with deceptively benign vomiting may preclude the diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia.
- Enterocolitis is a potentially deadly complication of Hirschsprung's disease. It can develop before the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is established or present years after surgical repair.
- Inflammatory bowel disease should be suspected in any infants or children with prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms. This is especially true when stomatitis or perianal disease is present.
- The most likely diagnosis of an abdominal catastrophe presenting as peritonitis is appendicitis.
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