Topics Discussed: hematology; thromboembolism.
Sections: Thromboembolic Disease, Arterial Thromboembolism, Risk Factors for Thromboembolism, Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism, References.
Excerpt:"
- The single greatest risk factor for thromboembolic disease in children is an indwelling central venous catheter.
- Disease patterns for pulmonary embolism in children and adolescents are similar to those in adults, yet diagnosis and management is often delayed or inappropriate.
- Arterial thromboembolism is more common in neonates and children with cardiac disorders, likely due to the use of umbilical artery catheters, cardiac catheters, ECMO circuits, and valvular disease.
- Advanced imaging studies have historically been the mainstay of diagnosis for pulmonary embolism as well, as most chest radiographs in children are normal.
- Anticoagulation is achieved acutely with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), followed by long-term anticoagulation with either LMWH or warfarin.
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